Mount Kenya, located in central Kenya, is a magnificent natural wonder and a popular destination for hikers and climbers. This stratovolcano is the highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa after Mount Kilimanjaro. In this article, we will delve deeper into the features of Mount Kenya, its geography, ecology, and cultural significance.
Mount Kenya is a stratovolcano composed of three main peaks: Batian, Nelion, and Lenana. Batian is the highest peak, towering at an impressive 5,199 meters (17,057 feet) above sea level. Nelion, slightly lower at 5,188 meters (17,021 feet), is the second-highest peak. Lenana, the easiest to climb, rises to 4,985 meters (16,355 feet).
The mountain is located in central Kenya, about 150 kilometers (93 miles) north-northeast of Nairobi, the capital city. It is part of the Mount Kenya National Park, which covers an area of 715 square kilometers (276 square miles). The park was established in 1949 and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mount Kenya is a biodiverse region with an array of ecosystems ranging from lowland forests to alpine zones. The mountain is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including elephants, buffalo, and a variety of bird species. The park is also home to various endemic species such as the Mount Kenya starling, Mount Kenya sunbird, and Mount Kenya hyrax.
The vegetation of Mount Kenya varies with altitude. The lower slopes are covered by dense forests of cedar, olive, and bamboo trees. As the altitude increases, the forests give way to moorlands characterized by heath and tussock grasses. Above 3,500 meters (11,483 feet), the vegetation changes to alpine zones characterized by giant lobelias and groundsels.
Mount Kenya holds significant cultural importance to the Kikuyu people, who consider it a sacred site. The mountain is known as Kirinyaga, which means “mountain of whiteness” in the Kikuyu language. According to Kikuyu mythology, their god Ngai, also known as Mwene Nyaga, resided at the top of the mountain.
The Kikuyu people also use the mountain as a point of reference for their navigation and timekeeping. For instance, the start of their calendar year is based on the position of the sun as it rises behind Mount Kenya.
Mount Kenya is a fascinating natural wonder with diverse ecosystems, stunning scenery, and cultural significance. It offers visitors an opportunity to experience a unique blend of adventure and culture, making it an ideal destination for nature enthusiasts and hikers. A visit to Mount Kenya is a memorable experience that offers a glimpse into the rich biodiversity and cultural heritage of Kenya.
Why is mount kenya a popular destination for hikers and adventurers
Mount Kenya is a popular destination for hikers and adventurers due to its impressive altitude and stunning natural beauty. At 5,199 meters (17,057 feet), it is Africa’s second-highest peak, after Mount Kilimanjaro. The mountain offers a range of hiking and climbing routes that cater to different levels of difficulty, making it accessible to both experienced and novice hikers. Additionally, Mount Kenya is surrounded by a national park that boasts a diverse range of wildlife and flora, providing visitors with an unforgettable outdoor experience. The cultural significance of Mount Kenya to the local communities also adds to its appeal as a destination for adventure seekers. Overall, Mount Kenya offers a unique and challenging experience that attracts hikers and adventurers from all over the world.
The three peaks of Mount Kenya: Batian, Nelion, and Lenana
The three peaks of Mount Kenya are Batian, Nelion, and Lenana. Batian is the highest peak of Mount Kenya, standing at an altitude of 5,199 meters (17,057 feet). It is a challenging climb that requires technical mountaineering skills and experience. Nelion is the second-highest peak of Mount Kenya, standing at an altitude of 5,188 meters (17,021 feet). It is also a difficult climb, but less challenging than Batian. Lenana is the third-highest peak of Mount Kenya, standing at an altitude of 4,985 meters (16,355 feet). It is the easiest peak to climb and is accessible to most hikers. Many visitors to Mount Kenya choose to climb Lenana as part of a multi-day hiking or trekking trip, as it offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. The three peaks of Mount Kenya are an important part of the mountain’s geology and offer a range of climbing and hiking experiences for visitors.
The altitude of each peak of mount kenya
The altitude of each peak of Mount Kenya is as follows:
Batian: 5,199 meters (17,057 feet)
Nelion: 5,188 meters (17,021 feet)
Lenana: 4,985 meters (16,355 feet)
Batian and Nelion are the two highest peaks of Mount Kenya, and they are only accessible through technical climbing routes that require advanced mountaineering skills and experience. Lenana, on the other hand, is the easiest peak to climb and is accessible to most hikers. It is a popular destination for multi-day hiking or trekking trips, as it offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. While the three peaks of Mount Kenya offer different levels of difficulty and require different levels of experience, they all provide visitors with unforgettable outdoor experiences in one of Africa’s most beautiful mountain ranges.
Location of Mount Kenya
Mount Kenya is located in central Kenya, about 150 kilometers (93 miles) northeast of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya. The mountain is located in the Mount Kenya National Park, which covers an area of 715 square kilometers (276 square miles). Mount Kenya is situated near the equator, and its location in the highlands of central Kenya results in a temperate climate that is ideal for hiking and climbing year-round. The mountain is part of the East African Rift System and is a stratovolcano that last erupted about 3 million years ago. Its location in central Kenya makes it a popular destination for visitors from around the world who are looking for an unforgettable outdoor adventure in one of Africa’s most stunning landscapes.
Climate and weather patterns in Mount Kenya
Mount Kenya is located near the equator, and its position in the highlands of central Kenya gives it a temperate climate that is generally pleasant for hiking and climbing year-round. However, the mountain’s climate and weather patterns can vary depending on the altitude and season.
The lower slopes of Mount Kenya, up to about 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), have a humid subtropical climate with warm temperatures, abundant rainfall, and high humidity. The rainy season in this region lasts from March to May and from October to December, while the dry season is from January to February and from June to September. During the rainy season, hikers and climbers may encounter wet and slippery trails, while the dry season offers more stable weather conditions.
Above 2,500 meters (8,200 feet), the climate changes to a cool temperate climate, with temperatures dropping as the altitude increases. The lower alpine zone, between 3,000 and 4,000 meters (9,800 to 13,100 feet), is characterized by lower temperatures and less rainfall, while the upper alpine zone, above 4,000 meters (13,100 feet), has a harsh sub-arctic climate with freezing temperatures, strong winds, and occasional snow.
In general, the best time to visit Mount Kenya for hiking and climbing is during the dry seasons from January to February and from June to September. However, visitors should be prepared for changing weather conditions and should bring appropriate clothing and gear to ensure their safety and comfort.
The Mount Kenya National Park
The Mount Kenya National Park is a protected area surrounding Mount Kenya, located in central Kenya. The park was established in 1949 and covers an area of 715 square kilometers (276 square miles), including the mountain’s peaks, glaciers, forests, and wildlife. The park is managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Mount Kenya National Park is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, with over 800 plant species, including giant lobelias, senecios, and heather. The park is also home to several animal species, including elephants, buffalo, monkeys, antelopes, and hyenas, as well as over 130 bird species, such as the Lammergeier, the Alpine Chat, and the Abyssinian Owl.
The park is a popular destination for hiking and climbing, with several well-marked trails leading to the mountain’s peaks. The most popular trail is the Sirimon route, which starts from the western side of the mountain and passes through scenic valleys, forests, and alpine moorlands before reaching the Lenana peak. Other popular routes include the Naro Moru and Chogoria routes, which offer stunning views of the mountain’s peaks, glaciers, and wildlife.
The park is also home to several campsites and lodges that provide accommodation for visitors, as well as guides and porters who can assist hikers and climbers on their journey. Visitors to the park can also engage in other activities such as bird watching, game drives, and cultural tours to nearby communities.
The Mount Kenya National Park is a unique and beautiful destination that offers visitors the opportunity to experience some of the most stunning natural landscapes in Africa. Its combination of stunning scenery, diverse flora and fauna, and opportunities for adventure make it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to explore Kenya’s natural wonders.
The different mount kenya hiking routes and trails available
Mount Kenya is a popular destination for hikers and adventurers, and there are several well-established hiking routes and trails that visitors can take to reach the mountain’s peaks. Here are some of the most popular hiking routes and trails available on Mount Kenya:
Sirimon Route: This is the most popular and most accessible route to the mountain’s peaks. It starts from the Sirimon Gate on the western side of the mountain and passes through scenic valleys, moorlands, and forests before reaching the Lenana peak. The Sirimon Route is a great option for beginners or those who are new to hiking.
Naro Moru Route: This is another popular route to the mountain’s peaks and is known for its scenic views of the mountain’s peaks, glaciers, and wildlife. The Naro Moru Route starts from the Naro Moru Gate on the mountain’s western side and passes through the Mackinder Valley, a scenic valley that is home to several wildlife species.
Chogoria Route: The Chogoria Route is one of the most scenic routes to the mountain’s peaks and is known for its stunning views of the mountain’s peaks and glaciers. The route starts from the Chogoria Gate on the mountain’s eastern side and passes through scenic forests, moorlands, and valleys before reaching the Lenana peak.
Burguret Route: This is a less-traveled route to the mountain’s peaks and is known for its remote and wild nature. The route starts from the Burguret Gate on the mountain’s northern side and passes through scenic forests, moorlands, and valleys before reaching the Lenana peak.
Timau Route: The Timau Route is another less-traveled route to the mountain’s peaks and is known for its scenic views of the mountain’s peaks, glaciers, and wildlife. The route starts from the Timau Gate on the mountain’s northern side and passes through scenic forests, moorlands, and valleys before reaching the Lenana peak.
Each of these routes has its own unique features and challenges, and hikers are advised to choose a route that matches their skill level and experience. Visitors to the mountain are also advised to be well-prepared for their hike, with appropriate clothing, gear, and supplies, as the weather on the mountain can be unpredictable and challenging.
Difficulty levels of each trail when climbing mount kenya
Mount Kenya offers a range of hiking trails that cater to hikers of different levels of fitness and experience. Here are the difficulty levels of each of the trails for climbing Mount Kenya:
Sirimon Route: This route is considered to be moderately difficult and is a good choice for beginners. The trail gradually ascends through forested areas before reaching the moorlands and eventually, the summit.
Naro Moru Route: This route is also considered to be moderately difficult and is popular with hikers who want to experience the mountain’s diverse terrain. The trail passes through the Gorges Valley, which features steep sections and requires some scrambling.
Chogoria Route: This route is more challenging than the Sirimon and Naro Moru routes and is recommended for more experienced hikers. The trail passes through dense forest, steep ridges, and alpine zones before reaching the summit.
Burguret Route: This route is the least traveled and is the most challenging of all the routes. It involves a long hike through rugged terrain, and hikers must be experienced in mountaineering to attempt this route.
Timau Route: This route is also considered to be difficult and requires a good level of fitness and experience. The trail passes through dense forests, bamboo thickets, and moorlands before reaching the summit.
Overall, Mount Kenya is a challenging mountain to climb, and hikers are advised to be physically fit and to have some hiking experience before attempting to climb any of its peaks. It is also recommended that hikers take their time and acclimatize to the altitude, as the mountain’s high elevation can cause altitude sickness in some hikers.
The best time to climb Mount Kenya
The best time to climb Mount Kenya largely depends on the individual’s preferences and priorities. However, the most favorable time for climbing Mount Kenya is generally during the dry season, which runs from January to March and from July to October.
During the dry season, the weather is relatively stable, and the skies are clear, making it easier to navigate and enjoy the spectacular views. The trails are also less muddy and slippery, making them safer to hike.
The rainy season in Mount Kenya is from April to June and November to December. During this period, the weather is unpredictable, and there is a higher risk of rain, fog, and snow. The trails can be slippery and challenging, making it harder to navigate and increasing the risk of accidents. Additionally, some of the routes may be closed due to adverse weather conditions.
It’s worth noting that the weather in the mountain can change rapidly, regardless of the season. As such, hikers are advised to be prepared for any weather condition and to have appropriate gear, including waterproof clothing and sturdy hiking boots.
Overall, the best time to climb Mount Kenya is during the dry season, when the weather is relatively stable, and the trails are safer and more comfortable to hike.
Types of accommodation available in Mount Kenya
Mount Kenya offers a variety of accommodation options to suit different preferences and budgets. Here are some of the types of accommodation available:
Mountain huts: There are four mountain huts on Mount Kenya, which are managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). The huts provide basic accommodation for hikers and climbers, and they are situated along the most popular hiking routes on the mountain. The huts have bunk beds, a kitchen area, and basic toilet facilities.
Tented camps: There are several tented camps located on the slopes of Mount Kenya, which offer a more luxurious camping experience. The tented camps provide spacious tents with comfortable beds and en-suite bathrooms. They also offer meals and other amenities, such as hot showers and laundry services.
Lodges: There are several lodges located near Mount Kenya, which offer more luxurious accommodation options. The lodges provide comfortable rooms, restaurants, and other amenities, such as swimming pools and spa facilities. Some of the lodges also offer guided hiking tours and other outdoor activities.
Campsites: There are several campsites located on the slopes of Mount Kenya, which offer a more traditional camping experience. The campsites provide basic facilities, such as toilets and showers, and they are often situated in beautiful natural surroundings.
Self-catering cottages: There are several self-catering cottages located near Mount Kenya, which offer a more independent accommodation option. The cottages provide fully equipped kitchens, comfortable living areas, and bedrooms. They are ideal for families or groups who want to prepare their meals and enjoy the privacy of their own space.
Overall, Mount Kenya offers a wide range of accommodation options, from basic mountain huts to luxurious lodges and tented camps. Whatever your preference and budget, there is an option for you.
Availability of camping sites
Mount Kenya has several camping sites located along the different hiking trails, providing a unique and memorable experience for campers. Some of the camping sites available include:
Old Moses Camp: This campsite is located at an altitude of 3,300 meters and is the starting point for the Sirimon Route. It has basic facilities such as toilets and running water.
Shipton’s Camp: This campsite is located at an altitude of 4,200 meters and is the highest campsite on the mountain. It offers stunning views of the surrounding peaks and has basic facilities such as toilets and running water.
Mackinder’s Camp: This campsite is located at an altitude of 4,200 meters and is the starting point for the final ascent to Point Lenana. It has basic facilities such as toilets and running water.
Austrian Hut: This is a mountain hut located at an altitude of 4,790 meters and can accommodate up to 12 people. It is managed by the Kenya Wildlife Service and provides basic shelter for hikers.
Kami Hut: This is a mountain hut located at an altitude of 4,300 meters and can accommodate up to 20 people. It is managed by the Mount Kenya Trust and provides basic shelter for hikers.
Lake Ellis Campsite: This campsite is located at an altitude of 3,500 meters and is accessible from the Chogoria Route. It offers stunning views of Lake Ellis and has basic facilities such as toilets and running water.
It is important to note that camping on Mount Kenya requires a permit, which can be obtained from the Kenya Wildlife Service. The camping sites are basic and do not offer luxurious amenities, so hikers should be prepared for a rustic camping experience.
Recommended accommodation options
There are several accommodation options available for hikers and visitors to Mount Kenya. The type of accommodation that you choose will depend on your personal preference and budget. Some recommended accommodation options include:
Serena Mountain Lodge: This lodge is located within the Mount Kenya National Park and offers stunning views of Mount Kenya. It has 41 guest rooms, a restaurant, a bar, and conference facilities. The lodge is set in a tranquil forest glade and offers a unique opportunity to spot wildlife such as elephants, buffalos, and monkeys.
Naro Moru River Lodge: This lodge is located at the base of Mount Kenya and offers comfortable accommodation in a serene environment. It has 32 guest rooms, a restaurant, a bar, and conference facilities. The lodge is set in beautiful gardens and has a swimming pool.
Castle Forest Lodge: This lodge is located near the Mount Kenya National Park and offers a peaceful retreat for hikers and visitors. It has 10 guest rooms, a restaurant, a bar, and conference facilities. The lodge is set in a beautiful forest and offers opportunities for hiking and birdwatching.
Batian Guest House: This guest house is located in Nanyuki, a town near Mount Kenya. It offers comfortable accommodation in a homely environment. It has 7 guest rooms, a restaurant, and conference facilities. The guest house is set in a beautiful garden and offers views of Mount Kenya.
Chogoria Bandas: These are self-catering cottages located near the Chogoria Route. They offer basic accommodation in a beautiful location. The bandas have a kitchen and cooking facilities, and there is a nearby restaurant for those who prefer to eat out.
It is recommended to book accommodation in advance, especially during peak hiking seasons.
The necessary permits and fees required for climbing
If you’re planning to climb Mount Kenya, you’ll need to obtain the necessary permits and pay the required fees. These permits and fees are essential for ensuring the conservation of the mountain and the safety of climbers. Below are some of the necessary permits and fees required for climbing Mount Kenya:
Park entry fee: All visitors to Mount Kenya National Park are required to pay an entry fee. This fee varies depending on your nationality and the length of your stay in the park. You can obtain park entry permits from the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) offices or from the park gates.
Camping fees: If you plan to camp overnight on the mountain, you’ll need to pay camping fees. The camping fees vary depending on the campsite you choose and the length of your stay. The KWS has a list of approved campsites, and it is recommended that you use these sites for your own safety.
Climbing permit: A climbing permit is required for all climbers attempting to reach any of the peaks on Mount Kenya. The permit fee varies depending on the route and peak you choose to climb. You’ll need to provide details such as your name, nationality, climbing route, and the number of days you plan to spend on the mountain.
Guide and porter fees: It is mandatory to hire a guide and porters for all climbers attempting to reach the summit of Mount Kenya. These fees are separate from the climbing permit and camping fees. The fees vary depending on the route and duration of your climb.
Rescue fees: It is also mandatory to pay rescue fees when obtaining your climbing permit. These fees are used to cover the cost of rescue operations in the event of an emergency. The amount of the rescue fees varies depending on the route and duration of your climb.
It is important to note that fees and permits are subject to change, so it is recommended to check with the KWS offices for the most up-to-date information. Climbing without the necessary permits and fees is illegal and could result in fines or imprisonment.
Things to Do in Mount Kenya
Mount Kenya is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers. The mountain offers a wide range of activities that cater to different interests and fitness levels. Here are some of the top things to do in Mount Kenya:
Hiking and Trekking: Mount Kenya offers a variety of hiking and trekking routes that cater to different skill levels. From the easy-going nature trails to the challenging and technical rock climbing routes, there’s something for everyone. Some of the popular hiking routes include the Chogoria Route, the Sirimon Route, and the Naromoru Route.
Wildlife Watching: Mount Kenya National Park is home to a variety of wildlife species, including elephants, buffaloes, leopards, and various species of primates. Visitors can go on game drives, guided walks, or horseback rides to view the wildlife in their natural habitat.
Bird Watching: Mount Kenya is a bird watcher’s paradise, with over 130 bird species recorded in the park. Some of the bird species found on the mountain include the African Crowned Eagle, Jackson’s Francolin, and the Hartlaub’s Turaco.
Rock Climbing: Mount Kenya is a popular destination for rock climbers, with its three peaks offering challenging and technical routes for experienced climbers. The Nelion and Batian peaks are particularly popular among rock climbers.
Mountain Biking: Visitors can explore the mountain’s scenic trails on mountain bikes. The trails offer an adrenaline-filled adventure through the mountain’s forests and along its rugged terrain.
Cultural Tours: Visitors can take cultural tours to the nearby villages and learn about the local culture and traditions of the communities living around the mountain.
Fishing: Mount Kenya’s rivers and streams offer excellent opportunities for fishing. Visitors can fish for trout in the clear waters of the mountain’s streams and rivers.
Camping: Camping is a popular activity on Mount Kenya, with a variety of camping sites available throughout the mountain. Visitors can enjoy the breathtaking scenery, star-filled nights, and the serenity of the mountain.
These are just some of the many activities visitors can enjoy on Mount Kenya. The mountain offers a unique combination of adventure, scenic beauty, and cultural experiences, making it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to explore Kenya’s natural wonders.
Visiting nearby attractions, such as the Ol Pejeta Conservancy and the Aberdare National Park
Mount Kenya is not just a destination for hikers and adventurers, but also offers opportunities for visitors to explore nearby attractions. Here are some nearby attractions to consider visiting during your trip to Mount Kenya:
Ol Pejeta Conservancy: Located just south of Mount Kenya, Ol Pejeta Conservancy is a wildlife conservancy that is home to a variety of wildlife, including the “Big Five” (elephant, rhino, lion, leopard, and buffalo). Visitors can take a game drive, go on a guided bush walk, or even visit the chimpanzee sanctuary.
Aberdare National Park: Located to the east of Mount Kenya, Aberdare National Park is a beautiful park that is home to a variety of wildlife, including elephants, buffalos, and various species of primates. Visitors can take a game drive, go on a guided walk, or even stay overnight in one of the park’s lodges.
Karatina Market: If you want to experience the local culture, consider visiting the Karatina Market. Located near the base of Mount Kenya, this market offers a variety of goods, including fruits, vegetables, and crafts.
Chogoria Town: If you’re looking for a quiet, scenic town to explore, consider visiting Chogoria. Located on the eastern side of Mount Kenya, this town offers beautiful views of the mountain and is home to a variety of shops and restaurants.
Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy: For a unique wildlife experience, consider visiting the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy. This conservancy is home to a variety of endangered species, including the African wild dog and the Grevy’s zebra. Visitors can take a guided tour of the conservancy or even stay overnight in one of the nearby lodges.
No matter what your interests are, there is something for everyone to enjoy near Mount Kenya.
Recommended tour operators and guides
Here are some recommended tour operators and guides for those planning to climb Mount Kenya:
Mount Kenya Climbing Expeditions
Mount Kenya Climbing Expeditions is a reputable tour operator that has been operating for over 10 years. They offer a variety of trekking and climbing packages, ranging from a 4-day trek to Point Lenana to an 8-day climb to Batian Peak. Their guides are experienced and knowledgeable, and their equipment is of high quality.
Adventure Alternative Kenya
Adventure Alternative Kenya is a responsible tour operator that offers sustainable and eco-friendly climbing and trekking expeditions on Mount Kenya. They have experienced and certified guides, and they use local suppliers and accommodations to support the local economy.
Peak Planet
Peak Planet is a US-based tour operator that offers guided climbs on Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya. Their guides are experienced and certified, and they provide high-quality equipment and accommodations. They also offer a comprehensive training program for climbers to help them prepare for the climb.
Mount Kenya Guides and Porters Service
Mount Kenya Guides and Porters Service is a local company that offers guided climbs and trekking expeditions on Mount Kenya. They have knowledgeable and experienced guides and porters who are familiar with the terrain and the local culture. They also provide affordable packages and custom itineraries.
Eco Tours Kenya
Eco Tours Kenya is a sustainable tour operator that offers eco-friendly and responsible climbs and treks on Mount Kenya. They have experienced and certified guides, and they use local accommodations and suppliers to support the local economy. They also offer community-based tours and activities to give back to the local communities.
Safety and Health Considerations
When climbing Mount Kenya, safety and health should be a top priority. Here are some important safety and health considerations to keep in mind:
Altitude sickness: Mount Kenya has high altitude peaks that can cause altitude sickness. It is important to acclimatize properly and stay hydrated to prevent altitude sickness. If you experience symptoms of altitude sickness, such as headache, nausea, and dizziness, descend immediately and seek medical attention.
Physical fitness: Climbing Mount Kenya requires a good level of physical fitness. It is recommended to train and prepare for the climb beforehand. Consult with a doctor before attempting the climb if you have any medical conditions or concerns.
Weather conditions: The weather on Mount Kenya can be unpredictable and can change quickly. Be prepared for rain, wind, and cold temperatures. Bring appropriate clothing and gear to stay warm and dry.
Safety equipment: It is important to have the proper safety equipment, such as helmets, harnesses, and ropes, when climbing the peaks of Mount Kenya. Make sure that your tour operator or guide provides adequate safety equipment and that you know how to use it properly.
Wildlife: Mount Kenya is home to various wildlife, including elephants, buffaloes, and leopards. It is important to be aware of your surroundings and to follow the guidance of your guide to avoid any potential encounters with wildlife.
Hygiene and sanitation: When climbing Mount Kenya, it is important to practice good hygiene and sanitation to prevent the spread of diseases. Bring a portable water filter or purification tablets to ensure safe drinking water, and dispose of waste properly.
Insurance: It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellation, and evacuation in case of an emergency.
By following these safety and health considerations, climbers can have a safe and enjoyable experience on Mount Kenya.
